{"id":5685,"date":"2023-08-08T10:38:56","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T03:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/?p=5685"},"modified":"2025-12-19T10:45:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T03:45:10","slug":"chu-de-vai-tro-cua-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-co-so-phap-ly-bao-ho-quyen-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-phan-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/chu-de-vai-tro-cua-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-co-so-phap-ly-bao-ho-quyen-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-phan-3.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u01a0 S\u1ede PH\u00c1P L\u00dd B\u1ea2O H\u1ed8 QUY\u1ec0N S\u1ede H\u1eeeU TR\u00cd TU\u1ec6 TRONG TH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1ea0I QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe (ph\u1ea7n 3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 SHTT trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i TRIPS c\u1ee7a WTO v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2009, 2019 v\u00e0 2022.<\/em><\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    \"\"Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i TRIPS c\u1ee7a WTO:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1.1, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS \u2013 Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng), thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Paris, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Bern, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Rome, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Washington. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u01b0a ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Rome c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00eau tr\u00ean trong Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a WTO trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 US-Section 211 Appropriations Act (US-Havana Club), EC-Bananas (\u0110i\u1ec1u 22.6) (Ecuador),.. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong v\u1ee5 US-Section 211 Appropriations Act (US-Havana Club), C\u01a1 quan ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Paris (1967) b\u1edfi v\u00ec quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9 hai, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, quy\u1ec1n (bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u), nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS d\u01b0\u1edbi hai d\u1ea1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Paris v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Berne \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Paris v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Berne. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 do Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9 ba, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS trao cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ef3 nghi<\/p>\n

    Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0: Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1.Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t sinh thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a WTO. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a WTO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong GATT c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a WTO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    1.2 Ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    1.2.1, Quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    1.2.1.1, Quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (\u0110i\u1ec1u 9.2). C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hay m\u00e3 m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (\u0110i\u1ec1u 10.1). C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ed9 s\u01b0 t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 10.2).<\/p>\n

    Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 12, n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c 50 n\u0103m t\u00ednh t\u1eeb khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong v\u00f2ng 50 n\u0103m t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 13). Trong v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c US- Section 110(5) Copyright Act, Ban h\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung: ph\u1ea1m vi, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    1.2.1.2, Quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. Theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m ghi thu, l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ghi \u00e2m. Quy\u1ec1n ghi thu, l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m ph\u00e1t qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14.1). Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14.2). Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 14.4, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n cho thu\u00ea b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p: ghi, sao ch\u00e9p b\u1ea3n ghi, ph\u00e1t l\u1ea1i qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14.3).<\/p>\n

    Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 50 n\u0103m t\u00ednh t\u1eeb khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ghi \u00e2m ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 20 n\u0103m t\u00ednh khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14.5). Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Rome (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14.6.)<\/p>\n

    1.2.2, Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecda) v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u01b0 \u00e2m thanh, m\u00f9i, v\u1ecb) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0m nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u (\u0110i\u1ec1u 15.1). C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u201ct\u00ednh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d khi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

    Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 17, c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 b\u00ean. Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u cho l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n gia h\u1ea1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 07 n\u0103m. S\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n gia h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 18).<\/p>\n

    V\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec5n ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba n\u0103m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u (\u0110i\u1ec1u 19)<\/p>\n

    1.2.3, Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 22.1 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS. Theo \u0111\u00f3, \u201cch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c hay \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u201d Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 10bis C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Paris (\u0110i\u1ec1u 22.2).<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 22.3. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c theo y\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd d\u00f9ng cho r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh (\u0110i\u1ec1u 23). Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang cho nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201clo\u1ea1i\u201d, \u201cki\u1ec3u\u201d, \u201cd\u1ea1ng\u201d, \u201cph\u1ecfng theo\u201d ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 cho nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 24.<\/p>\n

    1.2.4, Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0110i\u1ec1u 25.1).<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t, th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ec7t, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t. \u201cB\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u 25.2).<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u 26.1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO trao cho ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quy\u1ec1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mang ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao, c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba (\u0110i\u1ec1u 26.2). Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 10 n\u0103m (\u0110i\u1ec1u 26.3).<\/p>\n

    1.2.5, S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (\u0110i\u1ec1u 27.1). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf trong ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 27.2). Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i khoa \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (\u0110i\u1ec1u 27.3(a)). Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh phi sinh h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c vi sinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ri\u00eang h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 27.3(b)).<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng, b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00eau tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba k\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 giao k\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (\u0110i\u1ec1u 28). C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u00eau tr\u00ean, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba (\u0110i\u1ec1u 30). Trong v\u1ee5 Canada-Pharmaceutical Patents, Ban h\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 28 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 30.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 33). Trong v\u1ee5 Canada-Term of Patent Protection,C\u01a1 quan ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 17 n\u0103m (t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9) cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 01 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1989 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc 20 n\u0103m t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea7n 45 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf Canada kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 33 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS.<\/p>\n

    B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (li-x\u0103ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c) ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 31). \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eb1m x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 27.1 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS.<\/p>\n

    1.2.6, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (\u0110i\u1ec1u 35) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS (\u0110i\u1ec1u 36 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 38). Trong \u0111\u00f3, Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cm\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed\u201d, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c, \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, m\u1edf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS b\u1ed5 sung b\u1ed1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p (\u0110i\u1ec1u 36);\u00a0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9a m\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd (\u0110i\u1ec1u 37.1); \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 31 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n giao kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n, thay cho c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed (li-x\u0103ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c) trong Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (\u0110i\u1ec1u 37.2).<\/p>\n

    1.2.7, B\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u201cch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u 39.1.). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cth\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 39.2. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00ed m\u1eadt, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00ed m\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPS c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi (\u0110i\u1ec1u 39.3). Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean WTO \u201c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh \u2026v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eeb khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh.\u201d<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 2005 (B\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2009)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2009, 2019, 2022. Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

      Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 2005 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \u201c 1.\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m, ghi h\u00ecnh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec7 tinh mang ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thu ho\u1ea1ch.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra, x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 22\/2018\/NA-CP:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Ng\u00e0y 23\/02\/2018, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 22\/2018\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u0103m 2009 (Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7) v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

          Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m, ghi h\u00ecnh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m, ghi h\u00ecnh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 33 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, th\u00f9 lao, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, thu ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, th\u00f9 lao, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n chia ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, th\u00f9 lao, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

          T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng danh m\u1ee5c h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m, ghi h\u00ecnh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khi k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan nh\u1eadn \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, thu ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, th\u00f9 lao, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh thu, ph\u00e2n chia ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, th\u00f9 lao, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Theo \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c thu, ph\u00e2n chia ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, th\u00f9 lao, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e2n chia ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, th\u00f9 lao, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m, ghi h\u00ecnh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n, nh\u00f3m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thay m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, thu v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia ti\u1ec1n theo \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

          T\u1ed4NG K\u1ebeT:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Qua \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau. Theo \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1n, cung \u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb giao d\u1ecbch trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

          B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft do th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp sinh Tr\u1ea7n Vy Khanh \u2013t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt WINCO t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/em>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft:\u00a0ph\u1ea7n 1<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0ph\u1ea7n 2<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 SHTT trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i TRIPS c\u1ee7a WTO v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2009, 2019 v\u00e0 2022. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i TRIPS c\u1ee7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5686,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[101,9],"tags":[2236],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-5685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-so-huu-tri-tue","category-tin-tuc","tag-so-huu-tri-tue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5685"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5685\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5696,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5685\/revisions\/5696"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5685"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=5685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}