{"id":5689,"date":"2023-08-01T10:41:59","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T03:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/?p=5689"},"modified":"2025-12-19T10:44:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T03:44:27","slug":"chu-de-vai-tro-cua-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-khai-quat-chung-ve-thuong-mai-quoc-te-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/chu-de-vai-tro-cua-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-khai-quat-chung-ve-thuong-mai-quoc-te-phan-1.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t chung v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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    \"\"\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u00e0y nay trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf,\u00a0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 2005 \u201c\u00a0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sinh l\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sinh l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kho\u1ea3n 1,2 \u0111i\u1ec1u 27,28 Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 2005, vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

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    1. \n

      C\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0 kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ee9 2. Tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ra th\u00e0nh 4 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n

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      • \u1ede th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ( TK XIX TCN \u2013 TK IV):\u00a0<\/strong>Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. Vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u00f3 h\u1eb9p trong m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201c Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a\u201d n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai ( TK V \u2013 TK XIII):\u00a0<\/strong>\u1ede th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1ed5 ra d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tuy nhi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Venise, Istanbul, Baghdad,..<\/li>\n
      • Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 ba ( TK XIV \u2013 N\u0103m 1945):\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1edfi giao th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 4 ( N\u0103m 1945 \u2013 \u0110\u1ebfn nay ):\u00a0<\/strong>L\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a GATT ( 1947) v\u00e0 WTO ( 1995 )<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u00a0 \u00a03. Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

        3.1, Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi tham gia quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec khi xem x\u00e9t t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n trong quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t. Hay ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n trong quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ns\u1ee1 h\u01b0ug th\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ( theo \u0111i\u1ec1u 73 LTM 2005)<\/p>\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng k\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n tham gia kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh \u00e1n ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9,\u2026Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, theo lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, b\u00e1c s\u0129, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean,..th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u 6 Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 2005 th\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

        3.2, Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn khi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 trong quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty, h\u00e3ng kinh doanh,..Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo kho\u1ea3n 1,2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 6 Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 2005 th\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

        Trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham, gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf t\u1ea1i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kinh doanh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam ( theo kho\u1ea3n 1,2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 2005)<\/p>\n

        3.3, Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c gia:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c gia tham gia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 k\u00ed k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c gia nh\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Hai l\u00e0 tham gia giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00ed k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c gia nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Trong \u0111\u00f3, qu\u1ed1c gia tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi k\u00ed Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh chung thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (GATT) c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

        Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai, qu\u1ed1c gia tham gia quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. Khi tham gia quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, qu\u1ed1c gia lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tham gia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, khi tham gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00e1c b\u00ean ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong quan h\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n th\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n. Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao trong quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m. Suy ra, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt do c\u00e1c b\u00ean mang qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, lu\u1eadt n\u01a1i k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, lu\u1eadt n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng,\u2026Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00ec ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        M\u1eddi qu\u00fd b\u1ea1n xem ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n 2:\u00a0C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Tr\u1ea7n Vy Khanh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u00e0y nay trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5692,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[101,9],"tags":[2236],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-5689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-so-huu-tri-tue","category-tin-tuc","tag-so-huu-tri-tue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5689"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5689\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5694,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5689\/revisions\/5694"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5689"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=5689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}