{"id":5697,"date":"2023-08-02T10:47:43","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T03:47:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/?p=5697"},"modified":"2025-12-19T10:48:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T03:48:18","slug":"chu-de-vai-tro-cua-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-cac-doi-tuong-so-huu-tri-tue-lien-quan-den-luat-thuong-mai-quoc-te-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/chu-de-vai-tro-cua-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-cac-doi-tuong-so-huu-tri-tue-lien-quan-den-luat-thuong-mai-quoc-te-phan-2.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ph\u1ea7n 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ol>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5690\" src=\"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Black-World-Day-of-Social-Justice-Facebook-Post.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"940\" height=\"788\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Black-World-Day-of-Social-Justice-Facebook-Post.jpg 940w, https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Black-World-Day-of-Social-Justice-Facebook-Post-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Black-World-Day-of-Social-Justice-Facebook-Post-768x644.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/>Quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>1.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt \u00e1n l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1945. Theo Kho\u1ea3n 2, \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 2005 th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m do m\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 khi c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 738 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 19, 20 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n mang y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 cho ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, c\u1eaft x\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng, bao g\u1ed3m: H\u01b0\u1edfng nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f9 lao khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00fang gi\u1ea3i,\u2026 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1i sinh<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n sao ch\u00e9p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n sao t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u b\u1ea3n sao t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n cho thu\u00ea b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n sao t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f9 lao khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n, tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y, tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, ghi \u00e2m, ghi h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, d\u1ecbch, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e1c, c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean, chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3,\u2026<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 2005, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3;<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o;<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 30 ng\u00e0y, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c;<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 14 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c;<\/li>\n<li>B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 b\u00e0i n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c;<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh;<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u;<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng;<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac;<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3n h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc;<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u00e2n gian;<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, s\u01b0u t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1i sinh (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1i sinh).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1.2 Quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a WIPO v\u00e0 WTO. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Berne ( B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt).\u00a0 Tuy v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thu \u00e2m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang thu\u00ea c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh. Vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh, cho thu\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng cho thu \u00e2m, sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng 50 n\u0103m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u0103ng \u0111\u0129a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong v\u00f2ng 50 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>2.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Theo kho\u1ea3n 16, \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u201c Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u 73 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 2005 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u: \u201c Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>L\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh ba\u00a0 chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hai ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 \u1ede ti\u00eau ch\u00ed b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 2 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, t\u1eeb, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh ba chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb khi xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 73, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u: D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3, qu\u1ed1c huy c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc; bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; c\u1edd; huy hi\u1ec7u; t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft; t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i- ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WIPO); t\u00ean th\u1eadt, bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5, anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, danh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam,\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 hai: \u201c Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu \u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, d\u1ec5 ghi nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, d\u1ec5 ghi nh\u1edb\u2026\u201d theo kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 74 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb hay ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tri gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang khi \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, theo kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 74, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0y \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh t\u1eeb khi h\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a qu\u00e1 5 n\u0103m ( tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00ed do nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng)<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00ec nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh doanh kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn l\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00fang do ai s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay cung c\u1ea5p. Hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng cho h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2 Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trong Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trong m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9\u00a0 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 theo c\u00e1c quy ch\u1ebf b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>3.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1\u201d. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Theo kho\u1ea3n 22 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 hay qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 79 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh) nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd mang ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia, khi v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 hay bao b\u00ec nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trang tr\u00ed cho \u0111\u1eb9p hay v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 80 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ean g\u1ecdi, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t nam t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mang ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.2 Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd trong Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ra n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra n\u00f3. C\u00e1c c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u201c Champagne\u201d, \u201cScotch\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang hay r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. Tuy v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh g\u1eafn l\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ean chung. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 : t\u1eeb \u201cCheddar \u201d ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i phomat \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng cheddar thu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>4.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung: \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3n 13 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y\u201d. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n\u2026\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u 25 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 sau. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau \u0111\u00e2y ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 63 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 65 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7). Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 hai, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhau n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o d\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng khai \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 66 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7), l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 ba, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00ec ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean \u1edf tr\u00ean. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, \u0110i\u1ec1u 64 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n<li>H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2 Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Theo lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m. Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mang ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h2><strong>B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>5.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Theo kho\u1ea3n 12 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u0129 thu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169 theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 27 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs ( Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7) th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay quy tr\u00ecnh trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 58 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y: C\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u1edbi; c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d\u00a0 C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh m\u1edbi: S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1edbi so v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 60 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7):<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng khai d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u00eau trong \u0111\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p cho c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1edbm h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ef1 \u00fd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 6 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 6 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 6 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o: S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1p n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng khai d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 61 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ).<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 62 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: T\u00ednh m\u1edbi, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng danh ngh\u0129a s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 59 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t minh, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, kinh doanh; ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/li>\n<li>Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh vi sinh<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5.2 B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf trong Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng qua v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf trong v\u00f2ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 20 n\u0103m. C\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1eabn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c kinh doanh ch\u00fang b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh v\u1eadt) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi sinh).<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p \u201cgi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u201d cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>Cho t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y , \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh HIV\/ AIDS. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, v\u1eeba duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i \u201cgi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs\/WTO.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>6.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh x\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00ed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 Hoa k\u00ec v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103m 1989 ( vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 IPIC). Kho\u1ea3n 15 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ( sau \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ) l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed: Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 do c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u201ct\u00ednh nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c, t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sao ch\u00e9p, copy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng khai d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong gi\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t khi n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 71 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7). Khai th\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed hay h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng khi c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 2 n\u0103m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9: Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd: Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.2 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh Washington v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989 nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs\/ WTO b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>\n<h2><strong>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li \u2013 x\u0103ng:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>7.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 141 Lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 li-x\u0103ng) l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li-x\u0103ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng Li \u2013 x\u0103ng hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 03 d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li-x\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n: l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n giao, b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li-x\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n: l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, quy\u1ec1n k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li x\u0103ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n Li-x\u0103ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh Li-x\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Li-x\u0103ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li-x\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li-x\u0103ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, y t\u1ebf, phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i,\u2026 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li x\u0103ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ,ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ( tr\u1eeb nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3), thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh ( \u0110i\u1ec1u 141, \u0110i\u1ec1u 142 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7). Vi\u1ec7c li- x\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li \u2013 x\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111ang c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li x\u0103ng. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li x\u0103ng b\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c,c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mang ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd giao d\u1ecbch, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u2026trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 142 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao;<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3;<\/li>\n<li>B\u00ean nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00ean nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ghi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00ean nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>7.2 H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li \u2013 x\u0103ng trong Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay sao ch\u00e9p nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u00fd k\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. Tuy v\u1eady , ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tham kh\u1ea3o nhau nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li>\n<h2><strong>B\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>8.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. Th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng khai kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ( kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 Hoa K\u1ef3). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 39.3 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh TRIPs th\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e1 n\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 23 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c B\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kinh doanh\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh: B\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 84 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<li>Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kinh doanh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o: C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, m\u1eabu m\u00e1y, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o,\u2026B\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch ( hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh): C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kinh doanh. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kinh doanh. V\u00e0 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm\u00a0 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0:<\/li>\n<li>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin<\/li>\n<li>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eady, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c C\u00e1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n; v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u1ec1 an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng; c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kinh doanh (\u0110i\u1ec1u 85 Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7).<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.2 B\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh trong Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00ed quy\u1ebft kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u201cth\u00f4ng tin m\u1eadt\u201d kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m \u0103n trung th\u1ef1c. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tr\u1ea7n Vy Khanh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u1eddi qu\u00fd b\u1ea1n xem ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n 3:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/chu-de-vai-tro-cua-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-co-so-phap-ly-bao-ho-quyen-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-phan-3.html\">C\u01a0 S\u1ede PH\u00c1P L\u00dd B\u1ea2O H\u1ed8 QUY\u1ec0N S\u1ede H\u1eeeU TR\u00cd TU\u1ec6 TRONG TH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1ea0I QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe<\/a><\/p>\n<p>M\u1eddi qu\u00fd b\u1ea1n xem ph\u1ea7n 1:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/chu-de-vai-tro-cua-so-huu-tri-tue-trong-thuong-mai-quoc-te-khai-quat-chung-ve-thuong-mai-quoc-te-phan-1.html\">KH\u00c1I QU\u00c1T CHUNG V\u1ec0 TH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1ea0I QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: 1.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5698,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[101,9],"tags":[2236,2267],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-5697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-so-huu-tri-tue","category-tin-tuc","tag-so-huu-tri-tue","tag-thuong-mai-quoc-te"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5697"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5700,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5697\/revisions\/5700"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5697"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=5697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}