{"id":6400,"date":"2025-12-26T11:11:29","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T04:11:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/?p=6400"},"modified":"2025-12-26T11:16:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T04:16:19","slug":"thuat-ngu-tin-chi-carbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/thuat-ngu-tin-chi-carbon.html","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
Carbon Credits Glossary<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Additional Offsets<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carbon offsets that would not have occurred if the offset project had not been implemented. (This is one of four factors to consider when acquiring carbon offsets).<\/p>\n

Afforestation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Planting of new woods on places that had previously been devoid of trees.<\/p>\n

Anthropogenic<\/strong><\/p>\n

Caused by humans. The current scientific consensus states that global warming is a direct result of the sharp rise in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n

BioFuel<\/strong><\/p>\n

A biomass-derived fuel, usually in liquid form. Bioethanol from sugarcane or maize, biodiesel from canola, soybeans etc.<\/p>\n

Biomass<\/strong><\/p>\n

Organic material from living or recently dead plants or animals.<\/p>\n

Blue Carbon<\/strong><\/p>\n

Blue carbon is the carbon absorbed and deposited in biomass and sediments by living organisms in coastal (e.g., mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses) and marine environments.<\/p>\n

California Cap and Trade Scheme<\/strong><\/p>\n

The California Cap and Trade Program is administered by the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) and controlled by the California Air Resources Board. This program began in 2012 with California and subsequently was linked to similar emissions programs from the Canadian provinces of Quebec, and briefly, Ontario as well. Both jurisdictions\u2019 allowances can be used for compliance. The cap and trade scheme includes major electric power plants, large industrial plants, and gasoline distributors, among other sectors.<\/p>\n

Cap and Trade<\/strong><\/p>\n

A regulatory procedure that puts a \u201ccap\u201d on the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that companies are permitted to emit. Firms that come in under their limitations have the option to \u201ctrade\u201d (sell) their excess emission permits to other companies that have exceeded their limit.<\/p>\n

Carbon Allowances<\/strong><\/p>\n

Permissions (credits) to release greenhouse gases for participants in a controlled carbon market.<\/p>\n

Carbon Broker<\/strong><\/p>\n

Middlemen who do not hold offsets but enable transactions between project developers and end-users, merchants, and\/or retailers.<\/p>\n

Carbon Budget<\/strong><\/p>\n

The maximum amount of CO2 that the world can release while still having a good probability of keeping warming below the 2\u00b0C goal laid out in the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n

Carbon Calculator<\/strong><\/p>\n

An online tool that calculates your carbon footprint based on your home energy use, driving and flying habits, food, trash, recycling, and other factors.<\/p>\n

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A process that separates (captures) a reasonably pure stream of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial and energy-related sources, conditions it, compresses it, and transports it to a storage site for long-term isolation from the atmosphere (sequestration). Carbon capture and storage is another term for it.<\/p>\n

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A method of capturing CO2 and then using it to create a new product. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage occurs when CO2 is stored in a product for a climate-relevant time horizon. Only when coupled with CO2 that has recently been removed from the atmosphere does CCUS lead to carbon dioxide removal.<\/p>\n

Carbon Credits<\/strong><\/p>\n

Equal to the offsetting of one tonne of carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalent. A monetary value is ascribed to the reduction or offset of greenhouse gas emissions; this is a general term for any tradable certificate or permit reflecting emissions reductions.<\/p>\n

Carbon Cycle<\/strong><\/p>\n

For as far back as geological evidence shows \u2013 at least 650,000 years \u2013 the Earth\u2019s natural carbon cycle has maintained a steady equilibrium of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere \u2013 around 275 parts per million (ppm). We discovered this by examining the contents of Antarctic ice cores. As a result of the natural carbon cycle: People and animals (source) use respiration to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide. Plants (sinks) absorb CO2 and release it back into the atmosphere. Over the seas, oceans both produce (source) and absorb (sink) carbon dioxide. Dead organic matter traps carbon underground in various forms such as fossil fuels (sink), while volcanic eruptions (source) can release CO2 from carbonate rocks deep inside the Earth.<\/p>\n

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A heat-trapping gas composed of one part carbon and two parts oxygen. Too much CO2 in our atmosphere causes the Earth to retain too much of the sun\u2019s heat, leading to global warming. And excessive global warming eventually leads to various complications that are detrimental to our planet and its inhabitants, such as rising sea levels or certain areas becoming too hot for humans to live in.<\/p>\n

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e or CO2eq)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The globally accepted standard measure of greenhouse gas emissions, and it permits other greenhouse gas emissions to be represented in terms of CO2 based on their proportional global warming potential (GWP). The following gases are included under the term CO2e:<\/p>\n

Each of the above seven gases was to be mitigated under the Kyoto Protocol, and this objective has been carried forward under the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n

Carbon Footprint<\/strong><\/p>\n

The quantity of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere as a result of any given entity\u2019s actions. Individuals, corporations, and even nations can have a carbon footprint.<\/p>\n

Carbon Market<\/strong><\/p>\n

A marketplace that treats emissions reductions as a commodity, where participating members can buy and sell carbon credits.<\/p>\n

Carbon Neutral<\/strong><\/p>\n

Often known as having a net zero carbon footprint, this is achieved by either reducing carbon emissions to zero, or by balancing a measurable quantity of carbon emitted with an equivalent amount offset.<\/p>\n

Carbon Offsets<\/strong><\/p>\n

Also known as VERs (voluntary emission reductions), CRTs (carbon reduction tonnes), and ERTs (emission reduction tons\/tonnes), carbon offsets represent a given amount of carbon sequestered, consumed, or otherwise removed from the atmosphere. Through a voluntary carbon market, they provide a chance for anybody to fund initiatives that decrease, avoid, eliminate, or sequester carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Carbon Sink<\/strong><\/p>\n

A carbon sink is any natural or man-made reservoir that collects and stores any carbon-containing chemical component for an indefinite length of time, lowering CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. The most important carbon sink on a global scale is the ocean.<\/p>\n

Carbon Source<\/strong><\/p>\n

Any source of carbon dioxide or equivalent greenhouse gases. People and animals, as well as seas and volcanic eruptions, are all natural carbon sources. Carbon emissions from human-caused sources include the use of fossil fuels, automobile exhaust, deforestation, and manufacturing, building, and mining activities.<\/p>\n

CCA Futures<\/strong><\/p>\n

A futures contract for allowances issued by the California Cap and Trade Program. Expired contracts result in physical delivery of CCA allowances to the Compliance Instrument Tracking System Service (CITSS) registry.<\/p>\n

CCO Futures<\/strong><\/p>\n

A futures contract for California Air Resources Board offset credits that may be used to meet certain compliance responsibilities under the California Cap and Trade Program. As a tangible product, contracts held to expiry result in actual delivery of California carbon offsets beyond the danger of invalidation in the CITSS register.<\/p>\n

CCS Carbon Capture and Storage<\/strong><\/p>\n

A process that separates (captures) a reasonably pure stream of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial and energy-related sources, conditions it, compresses it, and transports it to a storage site for long-term isolation from the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage is another term for it.<\/p>\n

CCU Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization<\/strong><\/p>\n

A method of capturing CO2 and then using it to create a new product. Carbon dioxide collection, use, and storage occurs when CO2 is stored in a product for a climate-relevant time horizon (CCUS). Only when coupled with CO2 that has recently been removed from the atmosphere does CCUS lead to carbon dioxide removal.<\/p>\n

Climate Change<\/strong><\/p>\n

As defined by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, climate change is: \u201ca change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods\u201d. In other words, in most contexts, climate change refers specifically to anthropogenic climate change, and not the Earth\u2019s natural climate cycles. This includes both global warming as well as extreme weather events.<\/p>\n

Compliance Carbon Market<\/strong><\/p>\n

Compliance carbon markets, also known as mandatory markets, are governed by national, regional, or provincial law and compel emission sources to meet legally mandated GHG emissions reduction targets. Because compliance program offset credits are generated and traded for regulatory compliance they typically act like, and are priced like, other commodities.<\/p>\n

COP<\/strong><\/p>\n

The annual Conference of the Parties, also known as the United Nations Climate Change Conference. It\u2019s the decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and includes over 190 countries.<\/p>\n

DAC (Direct Air Capture)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A process in which CO2 is extracted directly from the atmosphere. This CO2 can be permanently retained in deep geological formations (resulting in negative emissions), or it can be used in food processing, for example, or mixed with hydrogen to make synthetic fuels.<\/p>\n

Emission Reduction Ton (ERT)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The reduction or removal of one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent from the atmosphere (CO2).<\/p>\n

EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

With about 45% of EU greenhouse gas emissions covered by the EU ETS, it\u2019s the world\u2019s largest cap and trade scheme. Emissions from heavy industry, electricity generation, and aircraft in the EU are covered by this programme, which was implemented in 2005.<\/p>\n

Extreme Weather Events<\/strong><\/p>\n

Unexpected weather events and patterns that are considered extremely unusual outliers in the regions where they occur. Unexpected heat waves, such as the 2021 Western North America heat wave that set new record-high temperatures in Canada, or the February 2021 North American cold wave that caused significant damage in the state of Texas, are examples of such events. There is some evidence to suggest that climate change is causing extreme weather events to occur both more frequently as well as more severely.<\/p>\n

Fossil Fuels<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fuels derived from hydrocarbon deposits formed by fossils, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The combustion of these products, for example in car engines or coal-fired power plants, produces greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Global Warming<\/strong><\/p>\n

An increase in the world\u2019s average surface temperature, as compared to a baseline reference period. The average temperature of world has increased by approximately 1\u00b0C since the late 19th century, and the scientific consensus is that human activity is the primary contributor.<\/p>\n

Global Warming Potential (GWP)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A scientific measure that compares how harmful each greenhouse gas is to the atmosphere, in terms of how long they stay there and how much heat they trap, relative to carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Gold Standard Verified Carbon Standard (GS VER)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A non-governmental emission reductions project certification scheme. It participates in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Voluntary Carbon Market, and many climate and development initiatives.<\/p>\n

Greenhouse Gases (GHG)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases are the primary greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n

Greenwashing<\/strong><\/p>\n

The use of false or misleading promotion and marketing to exaggerate an organization\u2019s environmental or sustainable activities.<\/p>\n

ICE CER Futures<\/strong><\/p>\n

Defined in the Kyoto Protocol, an ICE Certified Emission Reduction futures contract is a futures contract for a carbon offset unit that may be used to meet EU ETS compliance obligations.<\/p>\n

ICE EUA Futures<\/strong><\/p>\n

A futures contract for permits issued by the European Union Emissions Trading System. Contracts held to expiry result in physical delivery of EUA allowances within the Union Registry.<\/p>\n

ICE Global Carbon Index<\/strong><\/p>\n

An index based on prices from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), the California Cap and Trade Program, and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI). The secondary futures market for such programs, which trade on ICE\u2019s futures exchanges, accounts for the majority of volume in all carbon-based futures contracts.<\/p>\n

ICE RGGI Futures<\/strong><\/p>\n

The ICE Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative futures contract is a contract for RGGI allowances. The RGGI is a collaborative program comprised of 11 northeastern U.S. states, and RGGI allowances are physically handed to the RGGI-COATS registry when contracts are held to expiry.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kyoto Protocol<\/strong><\/p>\n

A global accord signed in 1997 that aimed to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The phrase \u201ccarbon credit\u201d appeared for the first time in the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol would later be superseded by the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Land Use Change (LUC)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Changes in how a particular area of land is used or managed. For instance, land use change is one of the primary reasons why the Amazon rainforest has gone from being one of the world\u2019s largest natural carbon sinks to becoming a carbon source instead.<\/p>\n

Leakage<\/strong><\/p>\n

When a reduction in emissions from a carbon offset project in one location produces a rise in emissions in another area. For example, when preserving a forest in one region transfers logging activities to another area of forest.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mandatory (Compliance) Market<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mandatory (compliance) markets are governed by national, regional, or provincial law and compel emission sources to meet GHG emission reduction targets. Because compliance program offset credits are generated and traded for regulatory compliance, they typically act like other commodity pricing.<\/p>\n

Megawatt (MW)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A power measurement unit equal to one million watts. One megawatt is approximately equal to the amount of energy produced by ten car engines.<\/p>\n

Megawatt Hour (MWh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Equivalent to 1,000 kilowatts of continuous power consumption for one hour. It\u2019s about comparable to the amount of power consumed by 330 households in a single hour.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Net Zero<\/strong><\/p>\n

A condition in which greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere are balanced by the amount of greenhouse gases being removed from the atmosphere<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Offset Certificates<\/strong><\/p>\n

Paper licences provided in exchange for the purchase of carbon credits. Offset certificates should include a serial number unique to the offset, total tonnage bought, the verifier\u2019s name and signature, project location, owner\u2019s name and address, and a vintage date.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Paris Agreement<\/strong><\/p>\n

An international treaty on climate change that superseded the Kyoto Protocol. Signed in 2016, the agreement has been ratified by all but six countries in the world. The long-term goal of the Paris Agreement is to keep global warming below 2\u00b0C, and the treaty contains various provisions to enforce this target.<\/p>\n

Pathway<\/strong><\/p>\n

A model scenario for climate change based on current scientific understanding. The 1.5\u00b0C pathway, as laid out by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, forecasts a 50-66% chance that global warming will remain at or below 1.5\u00b0C by the year 2100 after a brief overshoot. This pathway would require the entire world to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 7.6% each year, halving emissions by 2030 and reaching net zero status by 2050.<\/p>\n

Performance Standard<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rather than limiting projects to those that wouldn\u2019t be viable without the carbon market, the performance standard counts as offsets any energy reduction that\u2019s less than a specified threshold. In some cases, a project may be good for the environment, but would have happened regardless, independent of assistance from the carbon market. As a result, projects with the performance standard generally aren\u2019t as \u201chigh quality\u201d as more rigorously certified carbon reduction projects.<\/p>\n

Permanent Offsets<\/strong><\/p>\n

Offsets that are long-lasting or guaranteed to be replaced in the event of a loss. This is one of four factors to consider when acquiring carbon offsets.<\/p>\n

Real Offsets<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carbon offsets that have already actually reduced carbon emissions, as opposed to those that are expected to do so in the future. This is one of four factors to consider when acquiring carbon offsets.<\/p>\n

Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Projects in areas where forests are in danger due to land-use change, resulting in reduced carbon storage. REDD+ projects aim to save these forests before they\u2019re degraded or deforested, avoiding a worse-case scenario that leads to increased emissions.<\/p>\n

Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A multi-state cap and trade scheme first established in 2009. This program encompasses the 11 U.S. states of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia. Each participating state has its own limitation on fossil-fuel-fired electric power plant emissions. Each state\u2019s allowances, like California\u2019s, can be utilized interchangeably for compliance.<\/p>\n

Regulated carbon market<\/strong><\/p>\n

Where members are legally obligated to reduce their emissions.<\/p>\n

Removal Unit (RMU)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A Kyoto Protocol unit equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions absorbed or removed by a carbon sink project. RMUs are granted for carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere by qualifying land use, land use change, and forestry activities.<\/p>\n

Renewable Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Energy derived from sources that can be naturally renewed in a relatively short amount of time. The five most common renewable sources are biomass (such as wood and biogas), hydropower, geothermal (heat from inside the earth), wind, and solar.<\/p>\n

Renewable Energy Credits (REC)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Unlike a carbon offset, which represents one tonne of CO2e emissions reduction, a renewable energy credit represents one MWh of energy produced by a renewable energy source, such as solar, wind, or hydroelectric power.<\/p>\n

Retire<\/strong><\/p>\n

To permanently remove carbon offsets from the market in order to prevent them from being resold after they\u2019ve been used up. Offsets are typically decommissioned by assigning them unique serial numbers and registering them in an official registry.<\/p>\n

Scope 1 Emissions (S1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from sources such as buildings and operations directly owned or controlled by an organization. For example, if a company owns a fleet of trucks, the greenhouse gases emitted by these trucks would count towards the company\u2019s Scope 1 emissions.<\/p>\n

Scope 2 Emissions (S2)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The discharge of greenhouse gases as a result of the electricity, heating, cooling, or steam generation required to power an organization\u2019s buildings and other facilities. For example, if a company\u2019s headquarters building draws power from a coal-fired power plant, a proportional amount of the emissions resulting from that coal plant\u2019s electricity generation would count towards the company\u2019s Scope 2 emissions.<\/p>\n

Scope 3 Emissions (S3)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere generated as a result of an organization\u2019s activities, but physically produced by another entity. For example, if you drive a fossil-fuel-powered car, the emissions it produces would count towards the car manufacturer\u2019s Scope 3 emissions.<\/p>\n

Sequestration<\/strong><\/p>\n

The removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through biological (for example, photosynthesis in plants and trees), chemical (for example, turning CO2 into carbonate minerals), or physical processes (for example, storage of carbon dioxide in underground reservoirs).<\/p>\n

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The United Nations established 17 global development goals for all countries through a participatory process, elaborated in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. These goals include ending poverty and hunger, ensuring health and well-being, education, gender equality, clean water and energy, and decent work; and building and ensuring resilient and sustainable infrastructure, cities, and communities.<\/p>\n

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adopted in 1992 and made available for signing during the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992. It went into effect in March 1994 and had 197 signatories as of last year. (196 States and the European Union). The ultimate goal of the Convention is to \u2018stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would preclude hazardous anthropogenic influence with the climate system.\u2019 Two accords pursue and implement the Convention\u2019s provisions: first the Kyoto Protocol, and now the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Verifiable Offsets<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carbon offsets that can be quantified, tracked, and validated are known as verifiable offsets. (This is one of four factors to consider when acquiring carbon offsets.)<\/p>\n

Verification<\/strong><\/p>\n

An authorised third-party auditor conducts an impartial review of the carbon offset project design and baseline calculations prior to the start of project activity.<\/p>\n

Verified Carbon Unit (VCU)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A unit equating to one metric tonne of certified, reduced, and issued carbon dioxide equivalent emissions under the Verified Carbon Standard.<\/p>\n

Verified Emission Reduction (VER)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carbon credit generated by a project that has been independently validated outside of the Kyoto Protocol. One VER equals one tonne of CO2e emission savings.<\/p>\n

Verra<\/strong><\/p>\n

This is a certification standard for non-governmental emission reduction initiatives, similar to the Gold Standard. It participates in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Voluntary Carbon Market, and many climate and development initiatives.<\/p>\n

Vintage<\/strong><\/p>\n

The year of emissions reduction that a carbon credit belongs to. The vintage of an offset may not necessarily match the year of the transaction, and the vintage year may even be in the future.<\/p>\n

Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A carbon market in which members are not legally compelled to reduce their emissions but do so voluntarily. These markets enable carbon emitters to offset their emissions by acquiring carbon credits generated by third-party initiatives aimed at removing or decreasing GHG emissions from the environment. Companies can engage in the voluntary carbon market on their own or as part of an industry-wide program.<\/td>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Additional Offsets (B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ed5 sung)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon m\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi mua t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon).<\/p>\n

Afforestation (Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi r\u1eebng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Anthropogenic (Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

BioFuel (Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb sinh kh\u1ed1i. Bioethanol t\u1eeb m\u00eda ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4, biodiesel t\u1eeb c\u00e2y c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh \u2026<\/p>\n

Biomass (Sinh kh\u1ed1i)<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Blue Carbon (C\u00e1c-bon xanh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carbon xanh l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng trong sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1i, c\u1ecf bi\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

California Cap and Trade Scheme (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 mua b\u00e1n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a California)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Cap and Trade c\u1ee7a California \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (WCI) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed California. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2012 v\u1edbi California v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Canada nh\u01b0 Quebec v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 Ontario. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cap and Trade bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Cap and Trade (Mua b\u00e1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n\u201d cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u201cgiao d\u1ecbch\u201d (b\u00e1n) c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Carbon Allowances (Quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p (t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Carbon Broker (M\u00f4i gi\u1edbi carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Carbon Budget (Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong khi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2\u00b0C theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris.<\/p>\n

Carbon Calculator (V\u1ebft carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft carbon c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, th\u00f3i quen l\u00e1i xe v\u00e0 bay, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) (Thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch (thu gi\u1eef) m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed carbon dioxide (CO2) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3, n\u00e9n n\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n (c\u00f4 l\u1eadp). Carbon capture and storage l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) (L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu gi\u1eef CO2 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. Carbon capture, utilization and storage x\u1ea3y ra khi CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. CCUS ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf CO2 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi CO2 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Carbon Credits (B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n carbon dioxide ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng carbon dioxide. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Carbon Cycle (Chu tr\u00ecnh carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y \u2013 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 650.000 n\u0103m \u2013 chu tr\u00ecnh carbon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a carbon dioxide trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng 275 ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u (ppm). Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f5i b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh carbon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (ngu\u1ed3n) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n oxy th\u00e0nh carbon dioxide. C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i (b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a) h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 CO2 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (ngu\u1ed3n) v\u1eeba h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 (b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a) carbon dioxide. Ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ebft gi\u1eef carbon d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a), trong khi c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda (ngu\u1ed3n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng CO2 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 cacbonat s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) (<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00ed gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n carbon v\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n oxy. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u CO2 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi\u1ebfn Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5m l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5m l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e or CO2eq)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng CO2 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u1ea5m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GWP) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef CO2e:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i kh\u00ed trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3y kh\u00ed tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Kyoto v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris.<\/p>\n

Carbon Footprint (V\u1ebft carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon dioxide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n do c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft carbon.<\/p>\n

Carbon Market (Mua b\u00e1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng carbon.<\/p>\n

Carbon Neutral (Trung h\u00f2a carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft carbon r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Carbon Offsets (B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi VERs (gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n), CRTs (t\u1ea5n gi\u1ea3m carbon) v\u00e0 ERTs (t\u1ea5n\/ton gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i), c\u00e1c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng carbon \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m, tr\u00e1nh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Carbon Sink (B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a carbon l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a carbon n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a carbon quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Carbon Source (Ngu\u1ed3n carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a carbon dioxide ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n carbon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u00f4 t\u00f4, ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

CCA Futures (H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i)<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i do ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Cap and Trade c\u1ee7a California c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c giao nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CCA \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd CITSS.<\/p>\n

CCO Futures (H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp)<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed California c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Cap and Trade c\u1ee7a California. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e1o h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c giao nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon c\u1ee7a California m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd CITSS<\/p>\n

CCS Carbon Capture and Storage (Thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch (thu gi\u1eef) m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed carbon dioxide (CO2) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3, n\u00e9n n\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Carbon capture and storage l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

CCU Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef thu h\u1ed3i carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu gi\u1eef CO2 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon dioxide x\u1ea3y ra khi CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (CCUS). CCUS ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon dioxide khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi CO2 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Climate Change (Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0: \u201cs\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5m l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c \u0111oan.<\/p>\n

Compliance Carbon Market (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia, khu v\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i GHG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. V\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

COP<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (UNFCCC) bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 190 qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

DAC (Direct Air Capture) (Thu gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. CO2 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u (d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u00e2m), ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi hydro \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Emission Reduction Ton (ERT) (gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n m\u00e9t carbon dioxide t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n (CO2).<\/p>\n

EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u)<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 45% kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a EU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi EU ETS, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cap and trade l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay trong EU \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005.<\/p>\n

Extreme Weather Events (Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c \u0111oan)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u01a1i ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c \u1edf Canada, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2021 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf bang Texas l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c \u0111oan x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Fossil Fuels (Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ecf hydrocarbon do h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1o ra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 than \u0111\u00e1, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng than, t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Global Warming (Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu)<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tham chi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 1\u00b0C k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Global Warming Potential (GWP) (Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng khoa h\u1ecdc so s\u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian ch\u00fang l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, so v\u1edbi carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Gold Standard Verified Carbon Standard (GS VER) (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. N\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch (CDM), Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Carbon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Greenhouse Gases (GHG) (Kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00ed gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed florinated l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Greenwashing (Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o xanh, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch xanh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

ICE CER Futures (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Kyoto, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ICE Certified Emission Reduction l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 EU ETS.<\/p>\n

ICE EUA Futures (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u)<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU ETS). C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e1o h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c giao nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i EUA trong H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd li\u00ean minh.<\/p>\n

ICE Global Carbon Index (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Carbon to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i EU (EU ETS), ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Cap and Trade c\u1ee7a California v\u00e0 S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh khu v\u1ef1c (RGGI). Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ICE, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean carbon.<\/p>\n

ICE RGGI Futures (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ICE Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p RGGI. RGGI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c g\u1ed3m 11 bang ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p RGGI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd RGGI-COATS khi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Kyoto Protocol (Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ccarbon credit\u201d l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Kyoto. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Land Use Change (LUC) (Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn r\u1eebng Amazon t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a carbon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n carbon.<\/p>\n

Leakage (Th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 sang m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1eebng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Mandatory (Compliance) Market (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia, khu v\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i GHG. V\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Megawatt (MW) (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u watt. M\u1ed9t megawatt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Megawatt Hour (MWh) (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 1.000 kilowatts ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 330 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Net Zero (l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon dioxide b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Offset Certificates (Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p khi mua t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng carbon. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 seri duy nh\u1ea5t cho b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 mua, t\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Paris Agreement (hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay th\u1ebf Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Kyoto. K\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1eeb s\u00e1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5m l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi 2\u00b0C v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Pathway (L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 1,5\u00b0C, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u1edfi \u1ee6y ban li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t 50-66% r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5m l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1,5\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2100 sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh 7,6% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i net zero v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n

Performance Standard (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao\u201d nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Permanent Offsets (B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi mua b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon.<\/p>\n

Real Offsets (B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi mua b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon.<\/p>\n

Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) (Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i r\u1eebng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c r\u1eebng \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda do thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n REDD+ nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) (S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bkh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh khu v\u1ef1c (RGGI))<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cap and trade \u0111a bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 11 bang c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont v\u00e0 Virginia. M\u1ed7i bang tham gia c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng bang, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a California, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Regulated carbon market (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd)<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Removal Unit (RMU) (M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Kyoto t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n m\u00e9t kh\u00ed carbon dioxide t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a carbon. RMU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon dioxide kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Renewable Energy (N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o)<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn. N\u0103m ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh kh\u1ed1i (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc), th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t (nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t), gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Renewable Energy Credits (REC) (Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n CO2e, m\u1ed9t t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t MWh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Retire (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 carbon \u0111\u00e3 mua)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u00e1c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u00fang b\u1ecb b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n cho ch\u00fang c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 seri duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Scope 1 Emissions (S1) (ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea1m vi 1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i xe t\u1ea3i, kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c xe t\u1ea3i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Scope 1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n

Scope 2 Emissions (S2) (ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea1m vi 2)<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh do vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u1ebfu tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1t than, m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y than \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Scope 2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n

Scope 3 Emissions (S3) (ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea1m vi 3)<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n do c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c g\u00e2y ra, nh\u01b0ng do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e1i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Scope 3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe.<\/p>\n

Sequestration (l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon dioxide kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: quang h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i), h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: chuy\u1ec3n CO2 th\u00e0nh kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t carbonat), ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u01b0u tr\u1eef CO2 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) (M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp 17 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh tham gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 2030 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft trong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u Rio de Janeiro v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1994 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 197 qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i (196 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u). M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u201d. Hai hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Kyoto v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris.<\/p>\n

Verifiable Offsets (B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi mua b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon).<\/p>\n

Verification (X\u00e1c minh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch quan thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp carbon v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Verified Carbon Unit (VCU) (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb carbon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n kh\u00ed carbon dioxide t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n carbon \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n

Verified Emission Reduction (VER) (Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng carbon do m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Kyoto. M\u1ed9t VER t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00ed CO2e.<\/p>\n

Verra (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Carbon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch (CDM), th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Vintage (Ni\u00ean v\u1ee5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng carbon thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1. N\u0103m vintage c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m giao d\u1ecbc v\u00e0 n\u0103m vintage c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch mua t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e0nh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Carbon Credits Glossary   Additional Offsets Carbon offsets that would not have occurred if the offset project had not been implemented. (This is one of four factors to consider when acquiring carbon offsets). Afforestation Planting of new woods on places that had previously been devoid of trees. Anthropogenic Caused by humans. The current scientific consensus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5675,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[101,9],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-6400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-so-huu-tri-tue","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6400"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6402,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6400\/revisions\/6402"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6400"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wincolaw.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=6400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}